How to create a G code for CNC
Do you know what is G Code
In today’s industrially developed society, CNC router machine has been widely used in many fields. With the increase in the scope and frequency of use, CNC machine has gradually developed a universal computer language: It is the G Code.
G code (G-code, also known as RS-274) is the most widely used numerical control (numerical control) programming language.
Because every paragraph in this language starts with a letter G, So we generally call it G code.G code is a numerical control programming language developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the late 1950s. After a period of development, the Electronic Industry Alliance formulated the earliest G-code standard version in the early 1960s (which is what we know Rs-274). Now, after decades of stable development, G code and its extended languages have been widely used in the manufacturing industry.
The CNC G code is mainly used in computer-aided manufacturing to control automatic machine tools. G code is sometimes called G programming language. G-code is the generic industry term for the computer language that most CNC machines use to control their movements and how they make parts.The G code is a instruction in CNC programs,It can control CNC Router machine or CNC Laser machine to realize various functions.Such as fast positioning, reverse circular interpolation, forward circular interpolation, intermediate point circular interpolation, radius programming, jump processing and so on.
Why we need to learn G Code
Because G code needs to be programmed by G code to control the machine to complete various functions.Now,There are two main ways to complete CNC programming.1. Write G code directly for programming, 2. Use some CAD/CAM software to complete CNC programming. But these two methods have certain shortcomings. So most people now Both use CAD/CAM software to create the initial CNC program, and then use G-code programming to edit the g-code from the CAD/CAM software. This not only improves the work efficiency of the CNC router planer, but also improves the stability of the CNC router planer.
Compared with CAD/CAM software, G code programming has more powerful functions. Some tasks cannot be completed by CAD/CAM, but you can quickly achieve them through G code. Generally, G code programming is very suitable for the following tasks:
1. Using G code programming can simplify the production process of simple parts and improve work efficiency: For example, if you want to engrave a small pattern, if you use CAM software to make G code files, generally speaking, this kind of software is generated The code will be more complicated than writing directly with G code.
2. Use G code programming to fill in tasks that cannot be completed by CAD/CAM software programs:With the development of machines and G code, there are some professional tasks that CAM software cannot complete and some downstream tasks when importing machines. These tasks cannot be completed by software, they can only be completed by G code.
3. Using G code programming can modify CAM/CAD software errors in time during the programming process:Even the most advanced CAM software cannot avoid errors, so if an error is discovered, you can directly modify the G code exported by the CAM software through G code.
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How to Create CNC G Code to CNC Machine
(1)Handwritten CNC G Code Programming
In G code, each line (called block) is regarded as a command. In each line in G code, there are many codes with letters followed by numbers, and these letters correspond to different types of commands. For example, “G” is used in most movement commands, “M” is used in miscellaneous commands; x,y and z are used to define positions in the X,Y,Z space, absolute or incremental.
This is a Handwritten G code example:
G90 G21
G00 X1.1 Y1.1 Z1.1
G01 Z-1.0 F200
G01 X2.4 Y3.6 Z-1.0 F400
The first block does two things and is kind of a very simple setup block. G90 is the command that defines all coordinates as absolute with an origin as a reference. G21 defines all numerical values as millimeters.
The second block makes the machine run rapidly to position (1.1,1.1,1.1) in the XYZ space from its current position. How fast this movement is done is defined in hardware.
The third block moves the machine in the Z-axis to -1 with a rate of 200 mm/min.
The last block moves the machine in a straight line to position (2.4,3.6) in the XY plane with a rate of 400 mm/min.
This is a very simple G code program. Handwritten G code program is very important for novices, because you must understand the meaning of each code of G code, and only then can you correct the gcode generated by the program.
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(2)Use the Desktop Program to write G code
As we have seen, it is very difficult to simply write G code by hand. It can only be used to practice G code and make some simple patterns. Fortunately, we have a free software that can help us write G code, it is the InkScape.
What is the Inkscape
Inkscape is a Free and open source vector graphics editor for GNU/Linux, Windows and MacOS X. It offers a rich set of features and is widely used for both artistic and technical illustrations such as cartoons, clip art, logos, typography, diagramming and flowcharting. It uses vector graphics to allow for sharp printouts and renderings at unlimited resolution and is not bound to a fixed number of pixels like raster graphics. Inkscape uses the standardized SVG file format as its main format, which is supported by many other applications including web browsers. It can import and export various file formats, including SVG, AI, EPS, PDF, PS and PNG. It has a comprehensive feature set, a simple interface, multi-lingual support and is designed to be extensible; users can customize Inkscape's functionality with add-ons.
So how should we use Inkscape to create G code?
- 1.First we need to open Inkscape and import the pattern we are going to engrave into Inkscape, or we can draw a figure in Inkscape by ourselves.
- 2. Determine the coordinate system and image size.
- 3. Convert the figure into a path: use ctrl -A Select everything, and then select Path> Object to Path
- 4. Click the "Extension" menu, then click "Tool Library..." under "G code tools" and set the corresponding parameters.
- 5. In the G code tools menu , We choose Path to G code....
- 6.Then you will get the G Code,and Then we need to check whether the G code is correct.If it is not correct, then we can directly modify the G code manually according to the needs. if all the steps are correct, then click Apply, we can get the pattern we want.
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Some Code of the common CNC G codes
G0: Fast move-move to the specified coordinate position as quickly as possible.
G1: Linear movement-linear movement to the coordinate position at the defined feed speed.
G2, G3: clockwise arc movement, counterclockwise arc movement-let the machine move the arc to the coordinate target.
G17: XY plane selection
G18: XZ plane selection
G19: YZ plane selection
G20: Programming in inches
G21: Programming in millimeters
Some Important Knowledge Related to G Code
G code is the operating language of CNC machining. It tells CNC lathes and machining centers how to move tools to perform various cutting operations.It is equivalent to manual G code programming. In manual G code programming, each operation is spelled line by line and separated from the M code and T code (codes that control machines and tools). G code is suitable for a certain position between the dialog control (where the operator describes the part and how it should be processed) and the CAM or computer-aided manufacturing program. In the CAM or computer-aided manufacturing program, the software develops the necessary tools for CNC Path, feedrate, etc. The machine cuts the material into finished products.
Although the term G code is often used interchangeably with numerical control (NC), it is actually only a component that can work in conjunction with other codes to perform appropriate tasks. The standard version of the G code is called RS-274D, although other versions do exist for CNC machine tools with compatibility issues.
Why are there multiple versions of G code? This actually depends on the capabilities of each machine. Such as Therer is a machine that can handle the rotation of the coordinate system based on the probe input. You will need a set of G code programming commands that can enable or disable this rotation feature. Another machine without this adjustment function will not need this G code.
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